Tackling just five health factors could prevent millions of premature deaths and increase global life expectancy by almost 5 years.

    Poor childhood nutrition, unsafe sex, alcohol, bad sanitation and hygiene, and high blood pressure are to blame for around a quarter of the 60 million premature deaths around the world each year, the WHO said in a report.

    But while not having enough nutritious food is a big health risk for those in poorer countries, obesity and being overweight pose yet bigger risks in richer nations -- leading to a situation in which obesity and being overweight causes more deaths worldwide than being underweight.

    The world faces some large, widespread and certain risks to health. It examined 24 major health risks, and said recognizing and assessing them would help policy makers draw up strategies to improve health in the broadest and most cost-effective ways.

    Reducing the burden of disease in the poor may raise income levels, which in turn will further help to reduce health inequalities.

    The report warned that although some major health risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and being overweight, were usually associated with high-income countries, more than three-quarters of the total global burden of diseases they cause now occurs in poor and developing countries.

    Health risks are in transition: populations are aging owing to successes against infectious diseases; at the same time, patterns of physical activity and food, alcohol and tobacco consumption are changing.

    Understanding the role of these risk factors is important for developing clear and effective strategies for improving global health.

    The Geneva-based U.N. health agency listed the world's top mortality risks as high blood pressure （responsible for 13 percent of deaths globally）, tobacco use （9 percent）, high blood glucose （6 percent）, physical inactivity （6 percent）, and obesity or being overweight （5 percent）.

    These factors raised the risk of chronic diseases and some of the biggest killers such as heart disease, diabetes and cancers, and affected "countries across all income groups -- high, middle and low," it said.

    The poorest countries still face a high and concentrated burden from poverty, undernutrition, unsafe sex, unsafe water and sanitation," it said. "At the same time, dietary risk factors for high blood pressure, cholesterol and obesity, coupled with insufficient physical activity, are responsible for an increasing proportion of the total disease burden.

    控制五个健康因素能够减少数以百万级的的早产儿死亡和延长全球预期寿命长达五年。

    全球卫生组织在一份报告中称，在全球每年6千万的早产儿死亡中，有四分之一要归责于儿童期营养不良，高危性行为，酗酒，环境及医疗不良和高血压。

    尽管在贫穷国家中是儿童期营养不良造成了巨大健康风险，但是在富裕的国家，肥胖和超重是产生风险的主因，导致了肥胖和超重造成的死亡多于体重不足造成的死亡的现象。

    整个世界面临着一些巨大的，广泛存在特定的的健康风险 已经有24个主要健康风险被检测出来，而且据说将其整理并评估将会帮助政策制定者以最广泛和最有成效的方式制定战略来提高健康水平

    减少在贫穷地区的治病负担可以提升收入等级，在将来可以减少健康的不均衡。

    该报告警告说尽管一些主要健康风险要素，像是吸烟，肥胖以及超重经常出现在高收入国家，但是超过四分之三的全球疾病总负担发生在贫穷和发展中国家。

    健康风险正在发生转变： 人类正在应付传染性疾病，与此同时，体育锻炼和食物，酒类和香烟消费也在发生变化。

    理解这些风险因素的角色对于制定清晰有效的战略来提高全球健康非常重要。

    位于日内瓦的联合国世界卫生组织列出了世界级的死亡风险像是高血压（占全球致死比例百分之十三）,吸烟（百分之九）,高血糖（百分之六）,机体功能丧失（百分之六）,以及肥胖和超重（百分之五）.

    这些要素提高了慢性病的健康风险，而一些最大的致死因素例如心脏病，糖尿病和癌症，报告提到，影响到"横跨所有国家，不论高中低".

    报告提到：最贫穷的国家仍然面对着严重的来自贫穷的负担，营养不良，高危性行为和环境卫生。 与此同时，食品相关的风险要素例如高血压，高胆固醇和肥胖，伴随着的机体功能减弱，在总的疾病负担重的比例在不断上升。