摘要:为保证石鲽鱼的质量安全,应用HACCP 原理对石鲽鱼养殖环节从苗种验收到装箱出口的全过程进行危害分析,确定显著危害以及苗种接受,水源选择,饲料验收,药物验收,药物使用5个关键控制点,在关键控制点上设立关键限值,进行重点监控、记录、纠偏和验证。多年实践表明,HACCP体系应用于石鲽鱼养殖,既保证了石鲽鱼的质量安全,又降低了企业养殖成本。
关键词:HACCP;石鲽鱼;养殖;危害分析;关键控制点
Application of HACCP in the aquaculture Safety of Exported Stone Flounder
LIU Xin1,WANG Xuehong2, ZHAO Peng1, XIANG Ren-ke1, WANG Ying-jie2
(1 Laizhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yantai 261400, China; 2 Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qingdao 266002, China;)
Abstract: Apply the HACCP principal to conduct hazard analysis on the full aquaculture path of exported stone flounder from fingerlings acceptance to bin packing for export and to confirm its obvious harms and five critical control points, such as fingerlings acceptance, water source selection, feed acceptance, veterinary drug acceptance and veterinary drug use. The critical limits were established at the critical control points to conduct focal monitoring, record, modification and verification. The practice for many years showed that application of HACCP in the aquaculture not only further guaranteed the safety of exported stone flounder, but also reduced culture cost.
Key words: HACCP; stone flounder; aquaculture; hazard analysis; critical control point
石鲽鱼(Kareius bicoloratus)是我国北方重要的海水养殖鱼类,以其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养丰富、生长速度快、病害少、市场畅销等诸多优点被广大养殖户所钟爱深受消费者欢迎[1]。石鲽鱼的养殖区域主要分布于我国的黄渤海,尤其是山东省的莱州市已成为全国最大的石鲽鱼养殖与出口基地。近年来, 韩国对我国石鲽鱼的需求量激增, 使得黄渤海地区石鲽鱼养殖迅速发展,养殖面积的不断扩大。2013年,莱州出口活石鲽鱼超过600吨,货值近千万美元。危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)体系是以科学性和系统性为基础,识别特定危害,确定控制措施,以确保产品安全性。HACCP是一种评估危害和建立控制体系的工具,着重强调对重点环节的预防,而不是主要依赖于对最终产品的检验,属于动态的安全管理体系[2,3]。养殖水产品质量安全问题的产生和控制关键在养殖阶段,从养殖到餐桌这一整个食品链条,养殖环节是源头,将HACCP体系应用到水产养殖阶段[4],将产品的安全控制关头提前至源头阶段,可以减少对最终产品的检验,有效利用检验检疫资源,对确保水产品的质量安全具有事半功倍的效果。
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HACCP体系在出口石鲽鱼养殖安全中的应用.pdf