细胞的整个蛋白质组成或蛋白质系统的研究。相对于基因组学，蛋白质组学旨在认识细胞内全部表达蛋白，包括数目、水平和表达蛋白的更新，它们的序列和一切转译后对序列的修饰，以及蛋白与蛋白、蛋白与其它分子之间在细胞内、细胞膜和细胞外的相互作用。蛋白组学分析方法包括分离和提纯蛋白；测序部分或完整序列；识别功能和与其它分子之间的相互作用。蛋白组数据和基因组数据相结合可以帮助人们评估这个学科中出现的新的潜在靶子。

The study of the entire protein complement or protein universe” of the cell. Mirroring genomics, proteomics aims to determine the entire suite of expressed proteins in a cell. This includes determining the number, level and turnover of all expressed proteins, their sequence and any post-translational modifications to the sequence, and protein-protein and protein-other molecule interactions within the cell, across the cell membrane, and among extracellular (secreted) proteins. Methods for proteomics analysis include isolating and extracting proteins (via two-dimensional electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography); determining their partial or complete sequence (via mass spectrometry); and determining their function and interactions with other molecules. The correlation of proteomics data with genomics data is expected to help to validate the many new potential targets emerging from this discipline.