大概没几个人不知道12月25日是圣诞节,但有多少人知道12月26日也是一个重要的节日呢?
Boxing Day is on December 26th, the day after Christmas, and is celebrated in Great Britain and in most areas settled1) by the English (the U.S. is an exception), including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
圣诞节之后的第一天,即12月26号,是节礼日。在英国以及包括加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰在内的大多数英国人居住的地区(美国除外),人们都会庆祝这个节日。
Where does it originate?
Despite its name, Boxing Day has nothing to do with pugilistic2) competition. While the exact origins of the holiday are obscure3), it is likely that Boxing Day began in England during the Middle Ages.
Some historians say the holiday developed because servants were required to work on Christmas Day, but took the following day off. As servants prepared to leave to visit their families, their employers would present them with gift boxes.
Another theory is that the alms boxes4) placed in churches where parishioners5) deposited6) coins for the poor were opened and the contents distributed on December 26, which is also the Feast of St. Stephen7).
Still some believe, centuries ago, on the day after Christmas, members of the merchant class would give boxes containing food and fruit, clothing, and/or money to tradespeople and servants. The gifts were an expression of gratitude, much like when people receive bonuses8) from their employer for a job well done, today. These gifts, given in boxes, gave the holiday its name, "Boxing Day."
As time went by, Boxing Day gift-giving expanded to include those who had rendered9) a service during the previous year. This tradition survives today as people give presents to tradespeople, mail carriers, doormen, porters, and others who have helped them.
尽管名称如此,节礼日却与拳击比赛毫不相干。 虽然节礼日的确切来源我们不得而知,但它很可能发祥于中世纪的英国。
一些历史学家说,这个节日得以发展是由于圣诞节当天,仆人们仍要工作,但可以在翌日休息。在他们准备动身回去看望自己的家人时,雇主就会送给他们一些装满礼物的盒子。
另一理论则认为,在12月26日即圣史蒂芬日,人们会把放在教堂供教区居民为贫民捐款的布施箱打开,分发其中的善款。
还有一些人认为,几百年前,在圣诞节后的这一天,商店的店主们会将装有食品和水果,衣服和钱或是只有其一的盒子赠与顾客和仆人。这些礼物是表达谢意的一种方式,就像现在的员工因工作出色而收到老板奖励的红包一样。这个假日便因装在盒中的礼物而被命名为“节礼日”。
随着时间的流逝,节礼日送礼的范围扩大到那些在头一年曾提供过任何服务的人们。这一习俗流传了下来。现在,人们将礼物送给零售商、邮递员、看门人、搬运工以及其他帮助过他们的人。
庆祝方式
按照传统,节礼日是家家户户团聚的日子。在这一天,人们和自己的家人一起观看体育比赛或是玩棋牌游戏。过去,狩猎是这一天最受欢迎的庆祝活动之一,人们常常会出去打鹪鹩或狐狸。
除了节礼日,在其他日子杀死一只鹪鹩都是不吉利的事情。被称作“鹪男孩”的成群小男孩会在当天猎杀一只鹪,然后把死鹪鹩绑在一根杆子的顶部——这根杆子上会装饰有冬青树的枝条和丝带。这群涂着小黑脸的男孩子们在家家户户门前唱歌,索要硬币、礼物或是食物。
在圣诞节期间,人们收到的礼物中经常有一些是自己不需要或不想要的。人们常会把这些礼物重新包装后转赠他人。但如果送来的礼盒内附有原始的购物小票,那人们多半会去商场办理退货。而商家此时也会进行圣诞节后的促销活动,商品价格十分诱人。退货的人通常会用退款再去购买一些自己需要的便宜货。
How is it celebrated?
Traditionally, Boxing Day is a day when families get together. It is a day of watching sports on playing board games with the family. In the past, hunting was one of the favourite activities on this day. People usually went hunting for wrens10) or foxes.
It is unlucky to kill a wren on any day other than Boxing Day. Groups of young boys known as "Wren boys" would hunt a wren and then tie the dead bird to the top of a pole decorated with holly sprigs11) and ribbons. With blackened faces, the group would sing at houses in hopes of receiving coins, gifts or food.
节日来源
尽管名称如此,节礼日却与拳击比赛毫不相干。 虽然节礼日的确切来源我们不得而知,但它很可能发祥于中世纪的英国。
一些历史学家说,这个节日得以发展是由于圣诞节当天,仆人们仍要工作,但可以在翌日休息。在他们准备动身回去看望自己的家人时,雇主就会送给他们一些装满礼物的盒子。
另一理论则认为,在12月26日即圣史蒂芬日,人们会把放在教堂供教区居民为贫民捐款的布施箱打开,分发其中的善款。
还有一些人认为,几百年前,在圣诞节后的这一天,商店的店主们会将装有食品和水果,衣服和钱或是只有其一的盒子赠与顾客和仆人。这些礼物是表达谢意的一种方式,就像现在的员工因工作出色而收到老板奖励的红包一样。这个假日便因装在盒中的礼物而被命名为“节礼日”。
随着时间的流逝,节礼日送礼的范围扩大到那些在头一年曾提供过任何服务的人们。这一习俗流传了下来。现在,人们将礼物送给零售商、邮递员、看门人、搬运工以及其他帮助过他们的人。
庆祝方式
按照传统,节礼日是家家户户团聚的日子。在这一天,人们和自己的家人一起观看体育比赛或是玩棋牌游戏。过去,狩猎是这一天最受欢迎的庆祝活动之一,人们常常会出去打鹪鹩或狐狸。
除了节礼日,在其他日子杀死一只鹪鹩都是不吉利的事情。被称作“鹪男孩”的成群小男孩会在当天猎杀一只鹪,然后把死鹪鹩绑在一根杆子的顶部——这根杆子上会装饰有冬青树的枝条和丝带。这群涂着小黑脸的男孩子们在家家户户门前唱歌,索要硬币、礼物或是食物。
古代的Christmas box是指一种陶土质地的盒子,盒子上开着一个可以塞进硬币的小口,很像现在放硬币的储蓄罐。从17世纪早期起,西方的学徒和送货员们都会在圣诞节带上这么个盒子,去拜访自己的师傅或老客户,希望他们在盒子里放一些小费作圣诞礼物。筹集到足够多的“圣诞礼物”后,他们就会把盒子砸开,取出里面的钱和其他的学徒或送货员分享。后来,可能由于圣诞节当天家家户户都很忙碌,这一传统的收礼仪式就被推迟到了圣诞节后的第一天。到18世纪时,尽管这种Christmas box慢慢销声匿迹了,但给小费这一传统却被保留了下来,这种小费从此被称为Christmas box。Boxing Day或许也由此得名。
"The wren, the wren, the king of all birds
On St. Stephen's Day was caught in the furze12),
We hunted him far and hunted him near
And found him under the bushes here.
Hurrah, my boys, hurrah!
Hurrah, my boys, hurrah!
Knock at the knocker and ring at the bell,
And give us a copper for singing so well."
“鹪鹩,鹪鹩,鸟中之王
圣史蒂芬日在荆豆花丛中被捉,
我们到处把它找,
发现它在灌丛里。
太棒啦,孩子们,万岁!
太棒啦,孩子们,万岁!
叩响门环,按响铃,
唱得这么好,请给个铜板作奖励。”
Those that gave money to the boys would receive a feather from the wren as thanks. The collected money was then used to host a village dance.
Fox hunting used to be popular in Boxing Day. But now it is banned.
Today, Boxing Day is spent with family and friends with lots of food and sharing of friendship and love. Government buildings and small businesses are closed but the malls are open — Shopping is a popular Boxing Day activity, and the malls are usually filled with people taking advantage of13) after-Christmas bargains.
Besides these activities, many businesses, organizations, and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating their time, services, and money to aid Food Banks14), providing gifts for the poor, or helping an individual family that is in need.
那些给钱的人将会从男孩子们那里得到一根鹪鹩毛作为答谢。孩子们筹集到的这些钱将被用来举办一个乡村舞会。
节礼日猎狐活动在过去十分受欢迎,但现在已被取缔。
今天,人们在节礼日会和家人、朋友一起享用许多的美食,分享友谊与关爱。政府机关和小商店都会关门,但购物中心却照常营业——购物可是节礼日人气最旺的一项活动;这一天,购物中心里通常挤满了顾客,他们想利用圣诞节后的大甩卖,为自己多淘些便宜货。
除此之外,许多企业、组织和家庭都试图通过种种方式保留节礼日的传统精神——奉献他们的时间、服务和金钱来支持食物银行,向穷人赠送礼物或是帮助一户困难的人家