economist 经济学家

socialist economy 社会主义经济

capitalist economy 资本主义经济

collective economy 集体经济

planned economy 计划经济

controlled economy 管制经济

rural economics 农村经济

liberal economy 自由经济

mixed economy 混合经济

political economy 政治经济学

protectionism 保护主义

autarchy 闭关自守

primary sector 初级成分

private sector 私营成分,私营部门

public sector 公共部门,公共成分

economic channels 经济渠道

economic balance 经济平衡

economic fluctuation 经济波动

economic depression 经济衰退

economic stability 经济稳定

economic policy 经济政策

economic recovery 经济复原

understanding 约定

concentration 集中

holding company 控股公司

trust 托拉斯

cartel 卡特尔

rate of growth 增长

economic trend 经济趋势

economic situation 经济形势

infrastructure 基本建设

standard of living 生活标准,生活水平

purchasing power, buying power 购买力

scarcity 短缺

stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气

underdevelopment 不发达

underdeveloped 不发达的

developing 发展中的
 
initial capital 创办资本

frozen capital 冻结资金

frozen assets 冻结资产

fixed assets 固定资产

real estate 不动产,房地产

circulating capital, working capital 流动资本

available capital 可用资产

capital goods 资本货物

reserve 准备金,储备金

calling up of capital 催缴资本

allocation of funds 资金分配

contribution of funds 资金捐献

working capital fund 周转基金

revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金

contingency fund 意外开支,准备金

reserve fund 准备金

buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金

sinking fund 偿债基金

investment 投资,资产

investor 投资人

self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给

bank 银行

current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)

current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)

cheque 支票 (美作:check)

bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票

crossed cheque 划线支票

traveller's cheque 旅行支票

chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)

endorsement 背书

transfer 转让,转帐,过户

money 货币

issue 发行

ready money 现钱

cash 现金

ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠

change 零钱

banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)

to pay (in) cash 付现金

domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币

convertibility 可兑换性

convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币

exchange rate 汇率,兑换率

foreign exchange 外汇

floating exchange rate 浮动汇率

free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场

foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券

hard currency 硬通货

speculation 投机

saving 储装,存款

depreciation 减价,贬值

devaluation (货币)贬值

revaluation 重估价

runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀

deflation 通货紧缩

capital flight 资本外逃

securities business 证券市场

stock exchange 股票市场

stock exchange corporation 证券交易所

stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所

quotation 报价,牌价

share 股份,股票

shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东

dividend 股息,红利

cash dividend 现金配股

stock investment 股票投资

investment trust 投资信托

stock-jobber 股票经纪人

stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司

securities 有价证券

share, common stock 普通股

preference stock 优先股

income gain 股利收入

issue 发行股票

par value 股面价格, 票面价格

bull 买手, 多头

bear 卖手, 空头

assigned 过户

opening price 开盘

closing price 收盘

hard times 低潮

business recession 景气衰退

doldrums 景气停滞

dull 盘整

ease 松弛

raising limit 涨停板

break 暴跌

bond, debenture 债券

Wall Street 华尔街
 
short term loan 短期贷款

long term loan 长期贷款

medium term loan 中期贷款

lender 债权人

creditor 债权人

debtor 债务人,借方

borrower 借方,借款人

borrowing 借款

interest 利息

rate of interest 利率

discount 贴现,折扣

rediscount 再贴现

annuity 年金

maturity 到期日,偿还日

amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付

redemption 偿还

insurance 保险

mortgage 抵押

allotment 拨款

short term credit 短期信贷

consolidated debt 合并债务

funded debt 固定债务,长期债务

floating debt 流动债务

drawing 提款,提存

aid 援助

allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴

cost 成本,费用

expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出

fixed costs 固定成本

overhead costs 营业间接成本

overheads 杂项开支,间接成本

operating costs 生产费用,营业成本

operating expenses 营业费用

running expenses 日常费用,经营费用

miscellaneous costs 杂项费用

overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用

upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用

transport costs 运输费用

social charges 社会负担费用

contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用

apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

income 收入,收益

earnings 利润,收益

gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益

gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额

net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额

average income 平均收入

national income 国民收入

profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率

yield 产量收益,收益率

increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值

duty 税

taxation system 税制

taxation 征税,纳税

fiscal charges 财务税收

progressive taxation 累进税制

graduated tax 累进税

value added tax 增值税

income tax 所得税

land tax 地租,地价税

excise tax 特许权税

basis of assessment 估税标准

taxable income 须纳税的收入

fiscality 检查

tax-free 免税的

tax exemption 免税

taxpayer 纳税人

tax collector 收税员
 
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)

人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP

产值 output value

鼓励 give incentive to

投入 input

宏观控制 exercise macro-control

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure

输入活力 bring vigor into

改善经济环境 improve economic environment

整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation

非公有成分 non-public sectors

主要成分 dominant sector

实在的 tangible

全体会议 plenary session

解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley

举措 move

实事求是 seek truth from facts

引进、输入 importation

和平演变 peaceful evolution

试一下 have a go (at sth.)

精华、精粹、实质 quintessence

家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system

搞活企业 invigorate enterprises

商品经济 commodity economy

基石 cornerstone

零售 retail

发电量 electric energy production

有色金属 nonferrous metals

人均收入 per capita income

使负担 be saddled with

营业发达的公司 going concerns

被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business

善于接受的 receptive

增额、增值、增长 increment

发展过快 excessive growth

抽样调查 data from the sample survey

扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)

实际增长率 actual growth rate

国际收支 international balance of payments

流通制度 circulation system

总工资 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution

风险资金 risk funds

管理不善 poor management

农业 farming

林业 forestry

畜牧业 animal husbandry

副业 sideline production

渔业 fishing

第一产业 primary industry

第二产业 secondary industry

第三产业 tertiary industry

生产资料 means of production

生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence

生产关系 relations of production

生产力 productive forces

公有制 public ownership

私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people

社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership

厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise

合资企业 joint venture

合作企业 cooperative enterprise

独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points

以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放

the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.

改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。

The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.

要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.

中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation.

资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.

随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。

As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.

初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.

各尽所能，按劳/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。

reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。

surplus labor 经营机制

operative mechanism 发挥市场的调节作用

to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆

economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合

to combine economic planning with market regulation

计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

取消国家对农产品的统购统销

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products

改革重点转移到城市

the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.

国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
 
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T.

中国国际贸易促进委员会

National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会

Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会

Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会

British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会

International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会

International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会

International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会

Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟

Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会

United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会

Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织

European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体

European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟

European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区

Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会

Eurogroup 欧洲集团

Group of Ten 十国集团

Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会

Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会

Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）

Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场

Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟

Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场

African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织

East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场

Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟

West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织

Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区

Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade
法国对外贸易中心

People's Bank of China 中国人民银行

Bank of China 中国银行

International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行

World Bank 世界银行

International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会

International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定

International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织

European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟

European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金

Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行

African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行

Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行

National city Bank of New York 花旗银行

American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行

American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行

The Chase Bank 大通银行

Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行

European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行

Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行

United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行

Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行

Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行

Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行

International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司

La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体

Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会

United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署

United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金

United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议

Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织

Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会

Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会

Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会

Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会

Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会

Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司

New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所

London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场

Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所