GMP洁净车间设计要求及总体评估

    随着医药、食品工业的发展，新的洁净车间不断建设，原有的生产厂房也必须进行改造，使之符合现代洁净生产的要求。

    1、对周围环境的要求现代化的洁净车间不仅要求企业内部厂容厂貌和生产车间的建设符合 GMP 的要求，同时要求工厂周围的环境符合特定要求，因此在建厂之前对建厂地址进行环境评估很有必要。

    1.1、所建厂房对环境要求的评估即鉴定该地区是否符合建厂要求。评估内容主要包括三方面：一是该地区的空气质量；二是水资源 质量情况；另外，评估三通情况即通路、通电、通水情况。

    ①、对空气质量的评估了解拟建厂区周围大气环境质量现状，要求拟建厂房周围空气新鲜，通过空气过滤器来净化空气，做到无污染源，少尘埃。

    ②、对水资源质量的评估 了解当地地表水、地下水的情况。一般企业生产使用自来水，但是有些地方无自来水，必需自备井取地下水或取河水，应当鉴定当地水质情况，以便建厂时考虑水质处理工艺。

    ③、对厂区周边地区通路、通电、通水情况进行评估。

    1.2、所建厂房对环境影响的评估净化厂房对环境影响的评估随着环境保护要求的提高越来越重要，评估包括三方面：空气、水资源、噪音。

    ①、对空气质量影响的评估 对排放有毒有害气体或粉尘的生产厂，要经处理达到当地标准，而且还不能建在城镇居民区的上风向，宜远离居民区。

    ②、对水资源影响的评估 对水资源有污染的生产厂不能建在居民区用水资源的上游或周围， 比如水库，城镇居民取水的河流、地下水。并且要了解当地污水排放的情况和流向，经过处理，达标排放。

    ③、噪音严重的生产厂必需远离城镇居民区。

    2、净化生产厂建设的总体规划：洁净车间建设的总体规划不仅影响到整个厂区布局是否合理， 同时也影响到生产厂以后的发展，所以规划时不仅要考虑到目前的需要，也要考虑到企业以后发展的趋势。具体布局首先应该了解当地常年的风向状况，即当地风向频率图，然后考虑划分区域。

    一般生产厂区域划分为生产区、行政区、生活区。生产区包括净化生产车间、库房、通用工程。洁净车间要考虑所建车间的性质及洁净级别的要求。精制、灌装生产车间对环境空气洁净度要求相对较高，且车间不排放有毒有害气体和粉尘，一般布置于常年的上风向；萃取生产车间对环境空气洁净度要求相对较低，且车间间歇排放有害气体和粉尘，一般布置于高洁净度车间的下风向；预处理车间由于产生粉尘和噪音，一般布置在常年的下风向；

    通用工程包括变配电室、锅炉房等供能设施，布置于生产车间的下风向。行政区包括供销部门和管理部门， It is commonly depicted in pornography, but very rarely in mainstream cinema. A female dominant in a master/slave relationship is often termed a Mistress, not to be confused with the colloquial usage of mistress as a kept sexual partner without a similarly formalized power relationship. There were also a very limited number of specialist fetish magazines which featured images of bondage, such as the famous Bizarre magazine published from 1946 to 1959 by the pioneering fetish photographer John Willie, and ENEG Exotique magazine, published 1956-1959. Watersports pornography features sexual activities involving urine, such as golden showers. Pornographic films present sexual fantasies and usually include erotically stimulating material such as nudity. It may be used as foreplay, or as an alternative to sexual penetration. Hugo Ohira, director of marketing for Silvercash, rhetorically asks Who does not like spewing their load on a pretty young face? Reality pornography is professionally made porn which seeks to emulate the style of amateur pornography. The term applies to the depiction of the act rather than the act itself, and so does not include live exhibitions like sex shows and striptease. In some scenes or relationships it may be impossible for consent to be withdrawn in the middle of a scene, or the bottom may have the ability to revoke consent for a relationship as a whole, but not for a particular scene. Often, strong views are expressed with regard to anal sex; it is controversial in various cultures, especially with regard to religion, commonly due to prohibitions against anal sex among gay men or teachings about the procreative purpose of sexual activity. Real enema shots or videos of true medical situations celebrity sex free may violate privacy laws in some countries. Creampie scenes depart from heterosexual pornographic convention in favor of a depiction that more closely mimics sexual intercourse as performed in ordinary life; they have been called the counterimage of facials.一般布置于厂区最明显且交通方便的厂正门附近， 以便于对外接 洽业务。